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CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. It's a digital family, that's made a type of transistor circuit which uses both p-type and n-type field-effect transistors.
TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic It's the most popular digital family. It's a type de of integrated circuit logic that uses bipolar junction transistors.
A logic circuit that performs a specific logic operation, such as AND or OR. Types of gates: NOT, AND, OR, OR-EXC, NAND, NOR, XNOR.
Encoder: a digital device that converts information to a coded form.
Decoder: a digital device that converts coded information into another form.
Multiplexer (MUX): a digital device capable of putting digital dat from several sources
on a single line or transmission path.
Demultiplexer (DMUX): a digital device capable of distributing digital data from one source line to several
lines.
Microprocessor: an IC that can be programmed to perform arithmetic, logic, and the other operations and to process data in a specified manner. It's the nerve center of a digital sytem. Microcontrollers: is a small computer on a single IC, and can be programmed to perform several tasks, but it's contain memory and programmable input/output peripheral, program memory and data memory. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers.